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Pers dan Perempuan: Memerangi Stereotip Kaum Hawa Lewat Media Massa

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JAKARTA, ISU – Isu seputar perempuan selalu menarik untuk dibahas, terutama oleh media massa. Namun, dalam diskusi publik yang digelar Dewan Pers pada Selasa (11/12), panelis mengingatkan agar para pekerja media lebih cerdas dalam membuat konten tentang perempuan.

Ini bukan hanya dorongan agar ruang redaksi mengurangi fokus soal lipstik atau perceraian yang laku keras. Diskusi ini juga berharap media lebih sensitif terhadap persoalan kelompok yang kerap dipandang sebagai minoritas, atau yang menurut feminis Prancis Simone de Beauvoir adalah “second sex” atau “jenis kelamin kedua” setelah laki-laki.

1. Perempuan masih dijadikan obyek untuk meraup keuntungan dari segi traffic dan iklan

Pers dan Perempuan: Memerangi Stereotip Kaum Hawa Lewat Media Massaunsplash.com/element5

Dalam diskusi bertajuk Pers dan Pemajuan Perempuan Indonesia yang digelar di Hotel Sari Pan Pacific itu, Ketua Dewan Pers Yosep Adi Prasetyo menilai adanya media yang mengklaim sebagai platform milik perempuan sejatinya masih menegaskan subordinasi kelompok ini sendiri.

Yosep menyinggung tentang bagaimana model peliputan dan konten yang disajikan adalah untuk meraup kapital. Ini terjadi karena audience perempuan dianggap sebagai target iklan-iklan busana, riasan, dan minyak wangi. Dengan kata lain, redaksi hanya menjadikan perempuan sebagai konsumen agar mereka mendapatkan keuntungan finansial.

Diskusi publik itu digelar dalam rangka 90 Tahun Hari Ibu dan merupakan hasil kerja sama Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak dengan Dewan Pers.

2. Stereotip bahwa perempuan menyukai gosip, ramalan bintang, dan riasan kian dikapitalisasi oleh media

Pers dan Perempuan: Memerangi Stereotip Kaum Hawa Lewat Media Massaunsplash.com/Autumn Goodman

Dengan kata lain, perempuan yang dibahas kemudian disederhanakan sebagai grup asal perkotaan pencinta gosip, ramalan bintang, dan riasan semata. Ia menilai stereotip ini didorong oleh konten-konten yang disajikan oleh media di mana masalah perempuan hanyalah soal dandanan, gaya busana, resep masakan dan konsultasi seks.

3. Ruang redaksi harus memiliki perspektif gender yang kuat

Pers dan Perempuan: Memerangi Stereotip Kaum Hawa Lewat Media MassaUnsplash.com/Vanilla Bear Films

Maria Hartiningsih, mantan wartawan yang juga menjadi pembicara dalam diskusi itu sepakat bahwa unsur kapital tersebut memengaruhi ruang redaksi. Apalagi, menurut Maria, ada ketimpangan relasi gender di dunia media di mana mayoritas pemilik adalah laki-laki. Namun, ia yakin memperbanyak jumlah perempuan dalam media massa juga tidak cukup.

Ia melihat tetap ada kecenderungan perempuan yang menduduki posisi tinggi dalam redaksi terbawa arus untuk bergaya maskulin demi kekuasaan. Maria menyarankan adanya pemahaman tentang gender yang baik di ruang redaksi. Dengan begini, ketimpangan relasi antar gender tak direproduksi wartawan untuk kemudian disajikan dalam bentuk konten kepada audience.

4. Proses peliputan harus memastikan bahwa suara perempuan didengar sebagai subjek

Pers dan Perempuan: Memerangi Stereotip Kaum Hawa Lewat Media Massaunsplash.com/Giacomo Ferroni

Menurut Maria, manifestasi dari ketimpangan relasi gender tampak ketika wartawan–entah secara sadar atau tidak–cenderung mencari sumber berita utama di antara kalangan laki-laki kelas menengah, usia pertengahan, profesional dan dianggap “ahli”. Di saat bersamaan, saat perempuan menjadi pemberitaan, narasinya seksis.

Ia mencontohkan pemberitaan kematian Putri Diana yang didominasi tentang gangguan mentalnya atau perselingkuhan yang dilakukannya. Ini kian menegaskan pentingnya perspektif gender untuk dimiliki pekerja media. Ditambah lagi dengan peran media massa yang sejatinya merupakan the fourth estate atau agen pembaharuan.

5. Masyarakat harus ikut berubah

Pers dan Perempuan: Memerangi Stereotip Kaum Hawa Lewat Media Massaunsplash.com/Samantha Sophia

Namun, media tidak bisa melakukan segalanya sendiri. Bila ingin berubah, masyarakat juga harus turut serta.

Untuk hal ini, Maria mengatakan reformasi sosial di mana publik menyerukan perubahan harus disertai dengan kerja keras dan kehendak untuk bersama-sama menghapuskan diskriminasi dan kekerasan terhadap perempuan dan semua pihak yang lemah dan dilemahkan.

Nah, kamu sebagai generasi millennials apakah sudah siap untuk ikut arus reformasi sosial ini? (idntimes.com)

Jangan Lewatkan

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