JAKARTA – Menteri Perindustrian Airlangga Hartarto mengemukakan industri nasional berperan di lima kelompok manufaktur global, yaitu yang berbasis inovasi untuk pasar domestik, memanfaatkan energi dan sumber daya alam, melakukan pemrosesan di tingkat regional, menggunakan teknologi tinggi, serta padat karya.
“Pemerintah tengah fokus mengembangkan industri pengolahan nonmigas yang menitikberatkan pada pendekatan rantai pasok agar lebih berdaya saing di tingkat domestik, regional, hingga global,” demikian keterangan resminya di Jakarta, Jumat.
Berdasarkan laporan IHS Global Insight, kelompok pertama yang terdiri dari industri kimia, otomotif, komponen kendaraan, mesin elektrik, serta permesinan dan peralatan lainnya memberikan nilai tambah terhadap sektor manufaktur di dunia hingga 35 persen.
Capaian bernilai besar itu, dikemukakannya, karena industri ditopang dari kekuatan modal atau investasi serta aktivitas penelitian dan pengembangan (research and development/R&D) yang tinggi.
“Triwulan III tahun 2017, pertumbuhan industri mesin dan perlengkapan kita mencapai 6,35 persen serta industri alat transportasi sebesar 5,63 persen,” ungkap Airlangga.
Kinerja kedua sektor tersebut mampu melampaui pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional sekitar 5,06 persen di periode yang sama.
Kelompok kedua, menurut dia, meliputi industri produk kayu, pengolahan minyak bumi, batu bara, dan nuklir.
Kemudian, industri pulp dan kertas, produk berbasis mineral, dan logam dasar. Sektor-sektor tersebut menyumbangkan nilai tambah terhadap sektor manufaktur di dunia sebesar 27 persen.
Kekuatan kelompok itu berada pada pemanfaatan sumber daya alam dan energi serta padat karya. Indonesia adalah produsen nomor enam di dunia untuk penghasil pulp dan kertas. Bahkan, industri logam dasar merupakan sektor yang mengalami pertumbuhan tertinggi pada triwulan III/2017 sebesar10,60 persen.
“Indonesia juga tengah menargetkan produksi 10 juta ton baja pada tahun 2025. Selain itu akan menghasilkan stainless steel sebanyak empat juta ton pada 2019,” catat Airlangga.
Lebih lanjut, dinyatakannya, untuk kategori yang melakukan pemrosesan secara regional, antara lain industri produk karet dan plastik, produk metal terfabrikasi, makanan dan minuman, tembakau, serta percetakan dan publikasi.
Kelompok itu ikut memberikan kontribusi nilai tambah terhadap sektor manufaktur di dunia yang mencapai 23 persen. Kekuatan di sektor-sektor ini mampu menyerap banyak tenaga kerja.
Kementerian Perindustrian RI mencatat, sumbangan industri makanan dan minuman kepada PDB industri nonmigas mencapai 34,95 persen pada triwulan III/2017. Hasil kinerja sektor tersebut sebagai kontributor PDB industri terbesar dibanding subsektor lainnya.
“Pelaku industri ini sangat banyak di Indonesia, tidak hanya skala besar, tetapi juga telah menjangkau di tingkat kabupaten untuk kelas industri kecil dan menengah (IKM). Bahkan, sebagian besar dari mereka sudah ada yang go international,” jelasnya.
Pada kelompok keempat, yang menggunakan teknologi tinggi di antaranya adalah industri komputer dan mesin perkantoran, industri semikonduktor dan elektronik, serta industri alat kedokteran, pengukuran dan optik.
“Nilai tambah dari sektor ini secara global sekitar delapan persen. Kekuatannya ada di R&D, modal, trade intensity, dan value intensity,” dikemukakan Airlangga.
Pemerintah RI juga tengah gencar menekankan pentingnya penguasaan teknologi dan peningkatan penggunaan produk dalam negeri (P3DN). Hal ini dikuatkan dengan Instruksi Presiden Nomor 6 Tahun 2016 tentang Percepatan Pengembangan Industri Farmasi dan Alat Kesehatan.
Sementara itu, untuk kategori padat karya, meliputi seperti industri tekstil, produk pakaian dan kulit, furnitur, perhiasan, dan mainan.
“Sektor ini menyumbangkan nilai tambah hanya tujuh persen, karena seiring kemajuan teknologi yang pesat, seperti otomasi di sektor manufaktur,” ungkapnya.
Oleh karena itu, Kemenperin tengah memacu sektor tersebut melalui program pengembangan industri padat karya berorientasi ekspor. Upaya yang telah dilakukan adalah mengusulkan agar sektor ini mendapatkan insentif fiskal berupa pemotongan pajak penghasilan yang digunakan untuk reinvestasi.
“Fasilitas tax allowance yang akan diberikan untuk sektor padat karya, dihitung dengan basis jumlah tenaga kerjanya. Kalau mereka mempekerjakan sebanyak 1.000, 3.000 atau di atas 5.000 tenaga kerja itu akan diberikan skema tax allowance tersendiri. Ini sedang kami bahas dengan Kementerian Keuangan, yang diharapkan industri padat karya kita semakin kompetitif di tingkat global,” paparnya.
Bahkan, Airlangga menambahkan, pihaknya juga telah mengajukan pemberian insentif fiskal bagi industri yang mengembangkan pendidikan vokasi dan pusat inovasi.
Untuk industri yang melaksanakan program vokasi, akan mendapat insentif pajak 200 persen. Sementara, industri yang membangun pusat inovasi akan mendapat insentif pajak 300 persen.
Strategi pembangunan industri yang berkelanjutan difokuskan pada peningkatan nilai tambah melalui inovasi dan pengembangan teknologi industri, pengembangan pola produksi yang dapat mengurangi pemborosan sumber daya, serta mengintegrasikan industri nasional dalam global value chain, demikian Airlangga Hartarto.(Lutfi/Ant).
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